7. 현재완료( I have done )
- have / has + 과거분사
살펴보기
Daewon: Have you traveled a lot, Jiwoon?
Jiwoon: Yes, I've been to lots of places.
Daewon: Really? Have you ever been to China?
Jiwoon: Yes, I've been to China twice.
Daewon: What about India?
Jiwoon: No, I haven't been to India.
| have / has | 과거분사 |
|---|---|
| I / we / they / you have( = I've 등 ) he / she / it has( = he's 등 ) | traveled been done 등 |
과거분사는 대체로 -ed로 끝나지만, 많은 동사들( been / done / written 등 )이 불규칙동사이다.
불규칙동사 목록은 부록 1 참조
- have + 현재완료형
과거에서 현재까지 계속되는 기간에 일어난 일 에 대해 말할 떄 현재완료 사용.
예문
- Have you ever eaten caviar? (지금까지 살아오면서)
- We've never had a car.
- A: Have you read Hamlet?
B: No, I haven't read any shakespeare's plays. - Daewon really loves that movie. He's seen it ten times!
- What a boring movie! It's the most boring movie I've ever seen.
- 현재까지 계속되는 기간에 대해 말할 때
recently / in the last few days / so far / since / breakfast 등
예문
- Have you heard from Daewon recently?
- I've met a lot of people in the last few days.
- Everything is going well. We haven't had any problems so far.
- I'm hungry. I haven't eaten anything since breakfast.
- It's nice to see you again. We haven't seen each ohter for a long time.
- today / this morning / this year
말하는 시점에도 아직 끝나지 않은 기간 중에 일어난 일 에 대해 말할 때도 현재완료를 사용한다.
9. 현재완료와 과거 2( I have done, I did ) 참고
예문
- I've drunk four cups of coffee today.
- Have you had a vacation this year yet?
- I haven't seen Dongsuk this morning. Have you?
- Daewon hasn't studied very hard this semester.
- 경험의 횟수에 대해 말할 때
"It's the first time something has happened" 처럼 경험의 횟수에 대해 말할 때 현재완료를 사용.
예문
- Daewon is taking a driving lesson. It's his first one. It's the first time he has driven a car.🚗(
drives) - Yunji has lost her passport again. This is the second time has happened.(
happens) - Hyunkyu is calling his girlfriend again. That's the third time he's called her tonight.