5. 단순과거 ( I did )
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
과거의 인물, 역사에 대해 말할 때 단순과거가 많이 사용된다.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was an austrian musician and composer. He lived from 1756 to 1791. He started composing at the age of five and wrote more than 600 pieces of music. He was only 35 years old when he died.
lived / started / wrote / was / died 는 모두 단순과거 이다.
- 규칙동사의 과거형
규칙동사의 과거형은 동사원형 + ed
예문
- I work in a travel agency now. I worked in a department store before.
- We invited them to our party, but they decied not to come.
- The police stopped me on my way home last night.
- Daewon passed his exam because he studied very hard.
철자법 ( stopped, studied 등 ) 은 부록 6 참조.
- 불규칙동사의 과거형
불규칙동사의 과거형은 -ed로 끝나지 않음.
예문
- Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music. ( write 👉 wrote )
- We saw snow at the street a few days ago. ( see 👉 saw )
- I went to the movies three times last week. ( go 👉 went )
- It was cold, so I shut the window. ( shut 👉 shut )
- did/didn't + 동사원형
| 주어 | 단순과거 |
|---|---|
| I she they | enjoyed. saw. went. |
의문문 사용법
| 의문문 | 주어 | 동사원형 |
|---|---|---|
| did | you she they | enjoy? see? go? |
부정문 사용법
| 주어 | 부정문 | 동사원형 |
|---|---|---|
| I she they | didn't | enjoy. see. go. |
예문
- A: Did you go out last night?
B: Yes, I went to the pub, but I didn't enjoy the music much. - A: When did Mr. Thomas die?
B: About 10 years ago. - They didn't invite her to the party, so she didn't go.
- A: Did you have time to write the email?
B: No, I didn't
다음 예문에서 do는 문장의 본동사로 사용 되었다. did ... do / didn't do
예문
- What did you do on the weekend? (
What did you on the weekend?) - I didn't do anything. (
I didn't anything)
- was / were
be동사의 과거형이다.
| 주어 | be동사의 과거형 |
|---|---|
| I/he/she/it | was / wasn't |
| we/you/they | were / weren't |
| be동사 과거형의 의문문 | 주어 |
|---|---|
| was / wasn't | I/he/she/it? |
| were / weren't | we/you/they? |
was / were 가 쓰인 부정문과 의문문에서는 did 를 사용하지 않도록 주의.
예문
- I was angry because they were late.
- Was the weather good when you were on a vacation?
- They weren't able to come because they were so busy.
- Did you go out last night, or were you too tired?